The present study seeks to answer the main question: "What is the 
relationship between the thinking of Al-Ghazali and Ibn Sina?" The 
key findings are as follows: The proximity of the eras in which Ibn 
Sina and Al-Ghazali lived led to some similarities between the two 
thinkers. The rulers during Ibn Sina's time were mostly Shiite or from 
moderate Sunni sects, whereas the rulers in Al-Ghazali's era held 
intense political biases. Consequently, Al-Ghazali's first period was 
marked by confrontation with philosophers; the writing of *The 
Incoherence of the Philosophers* as a refutation of philosophy and 
the act of declaring Ibn Sina an apostate, as the leading philosopher, 
are products of this period. Al-Ghazali's second period was 
characterized by doubt and perplexity, a phase not reported similarly 
for Ibn Sina. The third period represents Al-Ghazali's seclusion and 
late life, a time of greater focus on the heart, mystical revelation, and 
reduced sensitivity toward philosophers. In Ibn Sina's later years, 
there is also evidence of increased attention to mystical issues, 
although significant differences in content and practical approach 
exist between the two thinkers.